Pediatric hematology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and hematologic conditions in infants, children, and adolescents. These conditions may affect the blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets), bone marrow, lymphatic system, or clotting mechanisms.
What are some common blood disorders in children?
Anemia: A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor.
Thalassemia: Inherited disorders that affect the production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia and other complications.
Sickle cell disease: An inherited disorder that causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped, leading to pain, anemia, and organ damage.
Leukemia: Cancer of the blood or bone marrow, characterized by the abnormal proliferation of white blood cells.
Hemophilia: A genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to form blood clots, leading to prolonged bleeding and easy bruising.
What are the signs and symptoms of blood disorders in children?
Pallor (pale skin)
Fatigue or weakness
Shortness of breath
Easy bruising or bleeding
Frequent infections
Bone pain or joint pain
Swollen lymph nodes
Enlarged spleen or liver
It’s essential for parents to seek medical evaluation if they observe any concerning symptoms in their child.
What diagnostic tests are used in Pediatric Hematology?
Complete blood count (CBC): Measures the number and types of blood cells present.
Blood smear: Examines blood cells under a microscope for abnormalities.
Coagulation tests: Assess blood clotting function, including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen levels.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: Obtains a sample of bone marrow for examination to diagnose blood disorders or assess response to treatment.
Genetic testing: Identifies specific genetic mutations associated with inherited blood disorders.